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Persons, Rights & Duties | Jurisprudence | MCQ Quiz with Answers | Test Your Legal Knowledge

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Persons, Rights & Duties MCQ Quiz

Persons, Rights & Duties MCQ Quiz (1–50)

(1). [AIBE 2021] Who among the following defined a person as “any being whom the law regards as capable of rights and duties”?

  • [A]. John Austin
  • [B]. John Salmond
  • [C]. H.L.A. Hart
  • [D]. Roscoe Pound

(2). Under general municipal law, lower animals are classified as:

  • [A]. Legal persons capable of suing
  • [B]. Objects of property, not subjects of rights
  • [C]. Trustees of land
  • [D]. Corporation sole

(3). [CLAT-PG 2019] The legal maxim Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur relates to the legal standing of:

  • [A]. Dead persons
  • [B]. Unborn persons in the womb
  • [C]. Foreign corporations
  • [D]. Insane persons

(4). Which theory of corporate personality argues that a corporation has no real existence and is merely an artificial creation of the state for legal convenience?

  • [A]. Realist Theory
  • [B]. Fiction Theory (Savigny, Salmond)
  • [C]. Concession Theory
  • [D]. Social Solidarity Theory

(5). [AIBE 2023] The landmark English case of Salomon v. Salomon & Co. (1897) established the principle of:

  • [A]. Strict liability in torts
  • [B]. Separate corporate personality and limited liability
  • [C]. Judicial review of legislation
  • [D]. Promissory estoppel against the crown

(6). A Corporation Sole consists of:

  • [A]. A single incorporated office occupied by a succession of human beings (e.g., The Crown)
  • [B]. A single human being acting without legal incorporation
  • [C]. A partnership of two people
  • [D]. A government ministry only

(7). [CLAT-PG 2020] When courts ignore the separate legal entity of a company to hold shareholders personally liable for fraud or tax evasion, it is known as:

  • [A]. Piercing / Lifting the Corporate Veil
  • [B]. Winding up
  • [C]. Amalgamation
  • [D]. Subrogation

(8). A right that is valid in law but lacks the procedural backing of a court remedy (such as a time-barred debt) is called:

  • [A]. A perfect right
  • [B]. An imperfect right
  • [C]. A right in rem
  • [D]. An absolute right

(9). [AIBE 2018] A right that is available against the entire world (general duty imposed on everyone) is classified as:

  • [A]. Right in Personam
  • [B]. Right in Rem
  • [C]. Imperfect right
  • [D]. Accessorial right

(10). According to Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, the jural correlative of a Liberty (Privilege) is:

  • [A]. A Duty
  • [B]. A No-Right
  • [C]. A Liability
  • [D]. A Disability

(11). [CLAT-PG 2022] In Hohfeld’s scheme, if X has a legal Power to alter legal relations, Y is under a corresponding:

  • [A]. Immunity
  • [B]. Liability
  • [C]. Duty
  • [D]. Disability

(12). Which of the following is a Jural Opposite of a Right in Hohfeld’s analysis?

  • [A]. Duty
  • [B]. No-Right
  • [C]. Liability
  • [D]. Disability

(13). [AIBE 2019] Can a dead person hold legal rights or institute a civil suit?

  • [A]. Yes, through executors only
  • [B]. No, because legal personality terminates upon death (Mortuus non habet amicum)
  • [C]. Yes, for 12 years after death
  • [D]. Only if registered in court

(14). The legal status of a Hindu Idol or the Guru Granth Sahib in Indian jurisprudence is that of:

  • [A]. Private movable property
  • [B]. A juridical (legal) person capable of holding property
  • [C]. An illegal association
  • [D]. A corporation aggregate

(15). [CLAT-PG 2021] The Realist Theory of corporate personality (associated with Gierke) posits that a corporation is:

  • [A]. A pure legal fiction with no real mind
  • [B]. A real, living social organism with its own collective will distinct from its members
  • [C]. A creation of the police
  • [D]. A temporary contract

(16). In Hohfeld’s matrix, the jural correlative of an Immunity is:

  • [A]. Liability
  • [B]. Disability
  • [C]. Duty
  • [D]. No-Right

(17). [AIBE 2022] Which of the following best defines a legal Liberty (Privilege) under Hohfeldian analysis?

  • [A]. An obligation to act
  • [B]. The absence of a duty prohibiting one from doing an act
  • [C]. A court order
  • [D]. A statutory tax

(18). The legal protection given to the reputation of a dead person against defamation is justified on the grounds that:

  • [A]. The dead person is suing in heaven
  • [B]. It protects public peace and the feelings of living surviving relatives
  • [C]. The dead person retains absolute property rights
  • [D]. It is a mistake in the code

(19). [CLAT-PG 2018] A right that is auxiliary and dependent upon a principal substantive right is classified as:

  • [A]. A primary right
  • [B]. An accessorial right
  • [C]. A right in personam
  • [D]. An imperfect right

(20). Which of the following pairs represents Jural Opposites in Hohfeld’s table?

  • [A]. Right and Duty
  • [B]. Right and No-Right
  • [C]. Power and Liability
  • [D]. Immunity and Disability

(21). [AIBE 2023] Under Section 13 of the Transfer of Property Act, a transfer to an unborn person requires:

  • [A]. A prior life interest given to a living person, with the absolute interest vesting in the unborn person upon birth
  • [B]. No prior interest
  • [C]. Court sanction in advance
  • [D]. Immediate physical delivery of keys

(22). The Concession Theory of corporate personality maintains that a corporation derives its legal existence from:

  • [A]. The spontaneous will of its members
  • [B]. The express grant or concession of the sovereign State
  • [C]. International customary law
  • [D]. Pure economic market forces

(23). [CLAT-PG 2019] If X has no legal power to alter Y’s legal status, Y possesses:

  • [A]. A Liability
  • [B]. An Immunity (correlative to X’s Disability)
  • [C]. A Duty
  • [D]. A Right

(24). The primary purpose of corporate incorporation in modern business law is:

  • [A]. To evade all criminal responsibility
  • [B]. To facilitate commercial enterprise, secure perpetual succession, and limit investor liability
  • [C]. To abolish taxation
  • [D]. To eliminate competition

(25). [AIBE 2020] In SGPC v. Som Nath Das, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that a religious institution or Guru Granth Sahib is recognized in law as:

  • [A]. A partnership firm
  • [B]. A juridical person capable of holding property
  • [C]. A government department
  • [D]. A sole proprietorship

(26). Which jurist’s analytical scheme clarified legal rights by breaking them down into correlatives and opposites like liberties, powers, and immunities?

  • [A]. John Austin
  • [B]. Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld
  • [C]. Hans Kelsen
  • [D]. H.L.A. Hart

(27). [CLAT-PG 2022] A duty that is owed to a specific, determinate individual (such as a contractual obligation) is a:

  • [A]. Public duty
  • [B]. Relative duty
  • [C]. Absolute duty
  • [D]. Moral duty

(28). Can a corporation aggregate be convicted of a crime requiring mens rea (guilty mind)?

  • [A]. Never under any circumstances
  • [B]. Yes, through the imputed intent of its managing directors and controlling officers acting within the scope of employment
  • [C]. Only for murder
  • [D]. Only if approved by shareholders

(29). [AIBE 2018] The maxim Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur is a cornerstone of legal protection for:

  • [A]. Corporations
  • [B]. Unborn children in the womb
  • [C]. Foreign diplomats
  • [D]. Bankrupt individuals

(30). The jural correlative of a Duty in Hohfeld’s table is:

  • [A]. Liberty
  • [B]. Right
  • [C]. Power
  • [D]. Immunity

(31). [CLAT-PG 2021] Which of the following entities is a classic example of a Corporation Sole?

  • [A]. Microsoft Corporation
  • [B]. The Office of the President of India / The Crown
  • [C]. A registered partnership of lawyers
  • [D]. A municipal corporation

(32). When a court “lifts the corporate veil,” it is looking behind the artificial personality of the company to examine:

  • [A]. The office furniture
  • [B]. The human beings (shareholders/directors) controlling the company and perpetrating fraud
  • [C]. The stock market price
  • [D]. The company’s logo

(33). [AIBE 2019] Absolute duties are those duties which:

  • [A]. Have no correlative rights vested in any specific determinate individual (e.g., duty not to commit treason)
  • [B]. Can never be breached
  • [C]. Apply only to minors
  • [D]. Require court permission

(34). In Hohfeld’s terminology, the jural opposite of a Liberty (Privilege) is:

  • [A]. A Right
  • [B]. A Duty
  • [C]. No-Right
  • [D]. Liability

(35). [CLAT-PG 2023] The Uttarakhand High Court judgment in Mohd. Salim v. State of Uttarakhand famously declared which entities as legal persons?

  • [A]. Corporations
  • [B]. The Ganga and Yamuna Rivers
  • [C]. Municipal councils
  • [D]. Trade unions

(36). A right that is recognized and enforced by the Court of Chancery in historical English law as distinct from common law courts was known as:

  • [A]. A legal right
  • [B]. An equitable right
  • [C]. A natural right
  • [D]. A customary right

(37). [AIBE 2021] Under Hohfeldian analysis, if X has a Disability, what does Y possess reciprocally?

  • [A]. A Duty
  • [B]. An Immunity
  • [C]. A Right
  • [D]. A Liberty

(38). The Fiction Theory of corporate personality was championed most prominently by:

  • [A]. Otto von Gierke
  • [B]. Friedrich Carl von Savigny and John Salmond
  • [C]. Wesley Hohfeld
  • [D]. Roscoe Pound

(39). [CLAT-PG 2020] Which of the following represents a Right in Personam?

  • [A]. Right to bodily safety against all mankind
  • [B]. Right to recover a specific debt from a particular debtor
  • [C]. Right to freedom of speech
  • [D]. Right to property ownership against the world

(40). The legal capacity to make a binding contract or alter legal relations is classified in jurisprudence as a:

  • [A]. Duty
  • [B]. Power
  • [C]. Liability
  • [D]. Immunity

(41). [AIBE 2017] If a person is subjected to a legal disadvantage or vulnerable to having their legal relations altered by another’s power, they are under a:

  • [A]. Duty
  • [B]. Liability
  • [C]. Immunity
  • [D]. Disability

(42). The distinction between Natural Persons and Legal Persons rests on the fact that:

  • [A]. Natural persons are human beings, whereas legal persons are entities created by law to hold rights and duties.
  • [B]. Natural persons cannot own property.
  • [C]. Legal persons have physical bodies.
  • [D]. Natural persons require state incorporation.

(43). [CLAT-PG 2019] In the context of corporate personality, the doctrine of Ultra Vires means:

  • [A]. Actions taken by a company that exceed the powers specified in its Memorandum of Association.
  • [B]. Criminal acts committed by directors.
  • [C]. Bankruptcy proceedings.
  • [D]. Tax evasion.

(44). The jural opposite of a Power in Hohfeld’s table is:

  • [A]. Liability
  • [B]. Disability
  • [C]. Duty
  • [D]. Immunity

(45). [AIBE 2022] In summary, the study of Persons, Rights, and Duties in Unit III demonstrates that jurisprudence views legal subjects and normative relationships through:

  • [A]. A rigorous analytical framework of artificial personality and Hohfeldian correlatives.
  • [B]. Arbitrary political whims.
  • [C]. Purely economic calculations.
  • [D]. Religious decrees.

(46). Which jurist is credited with publishing the foundational 1913 article on fundamental legal conceptions in judicial reasoning?

  • [A]. John Austin
  • [B]. Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld
  • [C]. Hans Kelsen
  • [D]. John Salmond

(47). [CLAT-PG 2021] Can an unborn child maintain a tort claim for prenatal injuries sustained due to negligence, provided it is born alive?

  • [A]. No, prenatal injuries are not recognized.
  • [B]. Yes, under the Nasciturus fiction, upon live birth, rights attach retroactively for injuries suffered in the womb.
  • [C]. Only if approved by Parliament.
  • [D]. Only for property, never for torts.

(48). The primary difference between a Corporation Aggregate and a Corporation Sole is that:

  • [A]. A corporation aggregate consists of multiple members, whereas a corporation sole consists of a single incorporated office held by successive individuals.
  • [B]. Corporation sole is illegal in India.
  • [C]. Corporation aggregate cannot own land.
  • [D]. There is no legal difference.

(49). [AIBE 2023] The ultimate utility of Hohfeld’s analytical table of jural positions in legal drafting and judicial reasoning is that it:

  • [A]. Eliminates semantic ambiguity by forcing precise distinction between rights, liberties, powers, and immunities.
  • [B]. Resolves criminal trials instantly.
  • [C]. Replaces the Constitution.
  • [D]. Abolishes taxes.

(50). The synergy across Unit III confirms that law organizes human and artificial society by distributing personality, defining rights, and enforcing correlative duties through:

  • [A]. Precise conceptual and structural taxonomy.
  • [B]. Unwritten tribal taboos.
  • [C]. Private corporate contracts alone.
  • [D]. Military edicts.

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