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Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act MCQ Quiz (1–50)
(1). [AIBE 2021] The primary objective of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 is to:
- [A]. Ban trade unions
- [B]. Require employers to define with sufficient precision the conditions of employment
- [C]. Provide maternity benefits
- [D]. Fix national minimum wages
(2). By default, the Act applies to industrial establishments employing:
- [A]. 10 or more workmen
- [B]. 20 or more workmen
- [C]. 50 or more workmen
- [D]. 100 or more workmen
(3). [CLAT-PG 2019] An employer must submit the draft standing orders to the Certifying Officer within how many months of the Act becoming applicable?
- [A]. 1 month
- [B]. 3 months
- [C]. 6 months
- [D]. 12 months
(4). Who is typically appointed as the Certifying Officer under the Act?
- [A]. The Chief Justice of the High Court
- [B]. The Labour Commissioner or a Regional Labour Commissioner
- [C]. The Trade Union President
- [D]. The Inspector of Police
(5). [AIBE 2023] Under Section 4, the Certifying Officer has the statutory power to adjudicate upon the:
- [A]. Profitability of the company
- [B]. Fairness and reasonableness of the draft standing orders
- [C]. Election of trade union leaders
- [D]. Quality of manufactured goods
(6). When an employer submits draft Standing Orders, how many copies must be submitted?
- [A]. 2 copies
- [B]. 3 copies
- [C]. 5 copies
- [D]. 10 copies
(7). [CLAT-PG 2020] After receiving the draft, the Certifying Officer must forward a copy to the trade union/workmen, seeking their objections within:
- [A]. 7 days
- [B]. 15 days
- [C]. 30 days
- [D]. 60 days
(8). Certified Standing Orders come into operation upon the expiry of how many days from the date on which authenticated copies are sent to the parties?
- [A]. 15 days
- [B]. 30 days
- [C]. 60 days
- [D]. 90 days
(9). [AIBE 2018] If an appeal is filed against the certification, the Standing Orders come into operation on the expiry of how many days from the date of the appellate order?
- [A]. 7 days
- [B]. 15 days
- [C]. 30 days
- [D]. 60 days
(10). Which section of the Act mandates the temporary application of Model Standing Orders until the establishment’s own orders are certified?
- [A]. Section 5
- [B]. Section 10
- [C]. Section 12A
- [D]. Section 13B
(11). [CLAT-PG 2022] Certified Standing Orders can be modified on the application of the employer or workmen, but generally not until the expiry of:
- [A]. 3 months from the last certification
- [B]. 6 months from the last certification
- [C]. 1 year from the last certification
- [D]. 5 years from the last certification
(12). In Management of Shahdara Saharanpur Light Railway v. SS Rly Workers Union, the Supreme Court held that modification of Standing Orders:
- [A]. Is completely prohibited
- [B]. Can be sought after 6 months even without a change in circumstances
- [C]. Requires approval from the Prime Minister
- [D]. Is valid only if the company is losing money
(13). [AIBE 2019] If any question arises regarding the application or interpretation of a Standing Order, under Section 13A, the matter must be referred to:
- [A]. The Certifying Officer
- [B]. The High Court
- [C]. Any Labour Court constituted under the Industrial Disputes Act
- [D]. The District Magistrate
(14). The decision of the Labour Court under Section 13A regarding the interpretation of a Standing Order is:
- [A]. Advisory only
- [B]. Final and binding on the parties
- [C]. Appealable to the Sessions Court
- [D]. Subject to ratification by the employer
(15). [CLAT-PG 2021] Which category of employees is expressly excluded from the application of the Standing Orders Act under Section 13B?
- [A]. Contract labourers
- [B]. Women workers
- [C]. Employees governed by Fundamental and Supplemental Rules (e.g., Railway/Defense Servants)
- [D]. Temporary workmen
(16). The legal nature of Certified Standing Orders is that they constitute:
- [A]. Statutory terms of employment binding on both employer and workmen
- [B]. Mere guidelines that can be ignored
- [C]. Purely private contracts
- [D]. Advisory resolutions
(17). [AIBE 2022] Can an employer enforce a private employment contract that provides lesser benefits than the Certified Standing Orders?
- [A]. Yes, freedom of contract prevails.
- [B]. No, Certified Standing Orders have statutory force and override conflicting inferior private contracts.
- [C]. Yes, if the workman signs it voluntarily.
- [D]. Only for the first 6 months.
(18). The matters to be provided in Standing Orders under the Act are listed in:
- [A]. The Preamble
- [B]. The Schedule to the Act
- [C]. The Indian Contract Act
- [D]. The Constitution of India
(19). [CLAT-PG 2018] Which of the following subjects is typically covered in the Schedule for Standing Orders?
- [A]. Product marketing strategies
- [B]. Corporate tax planning
- [C]. Shift working, attendance, suspension, and acts constituting misconduct
- [D]. Election of Board of Directors
(20). Under Section 13, an employer who fails to submit draft Standing Orders is liable for a maximum initial fine of:
- [A]. ₹1,000
- [B]. ₹5,000
- [C]. ₹10,000
- [D]. ₹50,000
(21). [AIBE 2023] If the employer continues the default of not submitting the draft, the continuing daily fine is:
- [A]. ₹50 per day
- [B]. ₹100 per day
- [C]. ₹200 per day
- [D]. ₹500 per day
(22). Contravention of Certified Standing Orders by an employer attracts a fine of up to:
- [A]. ₹100
- [B]. ₹1,000
- [C]. ₹5,000
- [D]. ₹10,000
(23). [CLAT-PG 2019] No prosecution for an offense punishable under Section 13 can be instituted without the prior sanction of:
- [A]. The Appropriate Government
- [B]. The Certifying Officer
- [C]. The Supreme Court
- [D]. The Trade Union
(24). The text of the Certified Standing Orders must be prominently posted by the employer in English and in the language understood by the majority of workmen on:
- [A]. The company website only
- [B]. Special notice boards maintained near the entrance/departments
- [C]. The national newspapers
- [D]. The local police station
(25). [AIBE 2020] In Rajasthan SRTC v. Krishna Kant, the Supreme Court held that civil courts:
- [A]. Have absolute jurisdiction over Standing Orders disputes.
- [B]. Cannot entertain suits seeking enforcement of rights created exclusively by the Standing Orders Act; such disputes must go to industrial tribunals/labour courts.
- [C]. Can overwrite the Certifying Officer.
- [D]. Act as Appellate Authorities.
(26). An appeal against the order of the Certifying Officer must be preferred within:
- [A]. 15 days
- [B]. 30 days
- [C]. 60 days
- [D]. 90 days
(27). [CLAT-PG 2022] Who acts as the Appellate Authority under the Act?
- [A]. Industrial Court or any other authority appointed by the Appropriate Government
- [B]. The High Court
- [C]. The District Collector
- [D]. The Registrar of Companies
(28). Does the Appellate Authority have the power to adjudicate on the fairness of the draft Standing Orders?
- [A]. Yes, its powers are co-extensive with the Certifying Officer.
- [B]. No, it can only check clerical errors.
- [C]. Only if requested by the employer.
- [D]. Only regarding wages.
(29). [AIBE 2018] Oral evidence having the effect of adding to or varying the Certified Standing Orders:
- [A]. Is completely admissible in court
- [B]. Is not admissible in any court (Section 12)
- [C]. Is admissible if given by a manager
- [D]. Is admissible in civil suits only
(30). Under the Act, a “Workman” has the same meaning as assigned to it under:
- [A]. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
- [B]. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
- [C]. The Trade Unions Act, 1926
- [D]. The Factories Act, 1948
(31). [CLAT-PG 2021] Can Trade Unions directly apply for the modification of Standing Orders?
- [A]. Yes, the Act was amended to allow workmen or trade unions to apply for modification.
- [B]. No, only the employer can apply.
- [C]. Only after 10 years.
- [D]. Only if the employer consents.
(32). When does the 6-month embargo on modification NOT apply?
- [A]. It never applies.
- [B]. When there is a mutual agreement in writing between the employer and workmen/trade union to modify them earlier.
- [C]. When the company makes a loss.
- [D]. When the Certifying Officer retires.
(33). [AIBE 2019] Can a Certifying Officer certify a drafted order that completely ignores the Model Standing Orders?
- [A]. Yes, if it is innovative.
- [B]. No, the draft must align as far as practicable with the Model Standing Orders (Section 4).
- [C]. Yes, if the trade union agrees.
- [D]. Yes, for foreign companies.
(34). The purpose of Section 12A (Temporary application of Model Standing Orders) is to:
- [A]. Confuse the employer
- [B]. Prevent a legal vacuum regarding service conditions while the certification process is ongoing
- [C]. Tax the workers
- [D]. Shut down the factory
(35). [CLAT-PG 2023] If a workman commits theft, the procedure for initiating disciplinary action and inquiry MUST strictly follow the steps laid down in the:
- [A]. Indian Penal Code
- [B]. Certified Standing Orders
- [C]. Civil Procedure Code
- [D]. Police Manual
(36). An establishment employing 80 workmen in a State that has not lowered the threshold will:
- [A]. Be heavily fined
- [B]. Fall outside the compulsory purview of the 1946 Act
- [C]. Need Supreme Court permission to operate
- [D]. Be treated as a public utility
(37). [AIBE 2021] The appropriate government can exempt any industrial establishment from the provisions of this Act under:
- [A]. Section 1
- [B]. Section 5
- [C]. Section 14
- [D]. Section 21
(38). The Model Standing Orders are drafted and published by:
- [A]. The Parliament directly
- [B]. The Appropriate Government (Central/State)
- [C]. The Trade Unions
- [D]. The International Labour Organization (ILO)
(39). [CLAT-PG 2020] “Subsistence allowance” payable to a suspended workman pending a domestic inquiry is a statutory mandate inserted into the Standing Orders Act under Section:
- [A]. 3
- [B]. 5
- [C]. 10A
- [D]. 12A
(40). The power of a Certifying Officer includes the powers of a Civil Court for the purposes of:
- [A]. Imprisoning trade union leaders
- [B]. Receiving evidence, administering oaths, and enforcing the attendance of witnesses (Section 11)
- [C]. Passing criminal sentences
- [D]. Liquidating the company
(41). [AIBE 2017] Once Certified Standing Orders come into force, they operate as a:
- [A]. Request to workmen
- [B]. Binding code of conduct overriding individual employment contracts
- [C]. Voluntary code of ethics
- [D]. Temporary instruction
(42). Who bears the cost of providing copies of the Certified Standing Orders to the workmen?
- [A]. The Trade Union
- [B]. The Government
- [C]. The Employer
- [D]. The Certifying Officer
(43). [CLAT-PG 2019] If the Certifying Officer modifies the employer’s draft to make it “fair and reasonable,” the employer:
- [A]. Must shut down
- [B]. Has the right to appeal to the Appellate Authority within 30 days
- [C]. Can ignore the modification
- [D]. Can fire the Certifying Officer
(44). The shift from Laissez-Faire contracts to Certified Standing Orders exemplifies the transition from:
- [A]. Status to Contract
- [B]. Contract to Status (Statutory Protection)
- [C]. Wealth to Poverty
- [D]. Dictatorship to Monarchy
(45). [AIBE 2022] Which of the following is NOT typically found in the Schedule of the Act?
- [A]. Procedure for granting leave
- [B]. Definition of misconduct
- [C]. The company’s annual profit targets
- [D]. Shift working and attendance rules
(46). In Sudhir Chandra v. Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., the court emphasized that Standing Orders:
- [A]. Are inferior to private contracts
- [B]. Have statutory force and cannot be bypassed by private agreements
- [C]. Are only for government companies
- [D]. Do not apply to managers
(47). [CLAT-PG 2021] Does the term “workman” under this Act include managerial staff?
- [A]. Yes
- [B]. No, it adopts the IDA definition which excludes managerial staff.
- [C]. Only if they earn less than ₹10,000
- [D]. Only if they are directors
(48). A Labour Court deciding an interpretation dispute under Section 13A:
- [A]. Can award unlimited damages
- [B]. Gives a final and binding decision exclusively on the meaning/application of the Standing Order
- [C]. Can amend the Standing Order
- [D]. Can dissolve the trade union
(49). [AIBE 2023] The ultimate goal of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act is to:
- [A]. Foster industrial peace by eradicating ambiguity and arbitrariness in service conditions
- [B]. Maximize state revenue
- [C]. Make strikes illegal
- [D]. Prevent employment
(50). The synergy between Section 10 (Modification) and Section 12A (Temporary Model Orders) ensures that:
- [A]. Workmen are constantly confused.
- [B]. Service conditions are stable but adaptable, and a regulatory vacuum never exists.
- [C]. Employers have absolute power.
- [D]. Unions are abolished.
