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Industrial Disputes Act MCQ Quiz (1–50)
(1). [AIBE 2021] Which authority under the IDA is primarily a bi-partite body formed to promote measures for securing and preserving amity and good relations between the employer and workmen?
- [A]. Conciliation Officer
- [B]. Works Committee (Section 3)
- [C]. Labour Court
- [D]. Court of Inquiry
(2). The jurisdiction to adjudicate matters relating to the discharge or dismissal of workmen (Schedule II) lies with the:
- [A]. Works Committee
- [B]. Board of Conciliation
- [C]. Labour Court (Section 7)
- [D]. National Tribunal
(3). [CLAT-PG 2019] An Industrial Tribunal constituted under Section 7A has jurisdiction over matters specified in:
- [A]. Schedule I only
- [B]. Schedule II only
- [C]. Schedule II and Schedule III
- [D]. Schedule IV
(4). Which authority is appointed by the Central Government to adjudicate disputes involving questions of national importance?
- [A]. Supreme Court
- [B]. Industrial Tribunal
- [C]. National Tribunal (Section 7B)
- [D]. Central Board of Conciliation
(5). [AIBE 2023] Under Section 11 of the IDA, Conciliation Officers and Tribunals are vested with the powers of a Civil Court under the CPC specifically for:
- [A]. Issuing death warrants
- [B]. Enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath
- [C]. Drafting new legislation
- [D]. Arresting managing directors
(6). Voluntary arbitration of an industrial dispute by a mutually agreed arbitrator is provided under:
- [A]. Section 10
- [B]. Section 10A
- [C]. Section 12
- [D]. Section 33
(7). [CLAT-PG 2020] For an arbitration agreement under Section 10A to be valid, it must be entered into by the parties:
- [A]. After the dispute has been referred to a Labour Court
- [B]. Before the dispute has been referred under Section 10 to a Labour Court or Tribunal
- [C]. After the Supreme Court passes an order
- [D]. Verbally over a telephone call
(8). An arbitration agreement under Section 10A must be forwarded to the Appropriate Government, which must publish it in the Official Gazette within:
- [A]. 7 days
- [B]. 14 days
- [C]. 30 days
- [D]. 60 days
(9). [AIBE 2018] Chapter V-B (Special Provisions relating to Lay-off, Retrenchment and Closure) applies to industrial establishments employing at least:
- [A]. 20 workmen
- [B]. 50 workmen
- [C]. 100 workmen
- [D]. 500 workmen
(10). If an establishment employs 50 workmen, the provisions relating to retrenchment will be governed by:
- [A]. Chapter V-A
- [B]. Chapter V-B
- [C]. The Minimum Wages Act
- [D]. The Trade Union Act
(11). [CLAT-PG 2022] Under Chapter V-B, an employer wishing to retrench a workman must apply for prior permission from the appropriate government at least:
- [A]. 30 days before retrenchment
- [B]. 60 days before retrenchment
- [C]. 90 days before retrenchment
- [D]. 120 days before retrenchment
(12). What is the consequence if an employer retrenches workers without obtaining the mandatory prior permission under Chapter V-B?
- [A]. The retrenchment is valid, but the employer must pay a double fine.
- [B]. The retrenchment is illegal and void ab initio, and workmen are entitled to all benefits as if not retrenched.
- [C]. The workmen are automatically fired without pay.
- [D]. The case is transferred to the Supreme Court.
(13). [AIBE 2019] Under Section 25O (Chapter V-B), an employer intending to close down an undertaking must apply for prior permission at least:
- [A]. 30 days before closure
- [B]. 60 days before closure
- [C]. 90 days before closure
- [D]. 180 days before closure
(14). The primary legislative intent behind Section 33 of the IDA is to:
- [A]. Give employers absolute power to fire union leaders
- [B]. Maintain the status quo and protect workmen from victimization during the pendency of proceedings
- [C]. Shut down the factory
- [D]. Prevent the government from intervening
(15). [CLAT-PG 2021] If an employer wants to alter the conditions of service regarding a matter connected with the pending dispute, they must:
- [A]. Simply notify the workers
- [B]. Obtain express prior permission from the authority where the proceeding is pending [Sec 33(1)]
- [C]. Apply for subsequent approval
- [D]. Pay a fine to the local police
(16). If an employer dismisses a workman for a misconduct not connected with the pending dispute, under Section 33(2)(b), the employer must:
- [A]. Pay one month’s wages and simultaneously file an application for approval
- [B]. Obtain prior written permission
- [C]. Shut down the factory
- [D]. Wait until the proceedings end
(17). [AIBE 2022] In Jaipur Zila Sahakari Bhoomi Vikas Bank v. Ram Gopal Sharma, the Supreme Court held that if the employer fails to apply for approval under Section 33(2)(b), the dismissal is:
- [A]. Valid and binding
- [B]. Void and inoperative from its inception
- [C]. Validable after 6 months
- [D]. Subject to a minor fine
(18). Officers of a registered trade union connected with the establishment are shielded absolutely during pendency proceedings and are termed:
- [A]. Immune Workmen
- [B]. Protected Workmen (Section 33(3))
- [C]. Essential Workmen
- [D]. Classified Workmen
(19). [CLAT-PG 2018] What percentage of total workmen can be recognized as “Protected Workmen” under the Act?
- [A]. 1% (Subject to a minimum of 5 and maximum of 100)
- [B]. 5%
- [C]. 10%
- [D]. 50%
(20). If an employer contravenes the provisions of Section 33, the aggrieved workman has a direct remedy to file a complaint to the Tribunal under:
- [A]. Section 10
- [B]. Section 33A
- [C]. Section 33C
- [D]. Section 25F
(21). [AIBE 2023] When a complaint is filed under Section 33A, the Tribunal adjudicates it as if it were:
- [A]. A criminal trial
- [B]. A fresh dispute referred to it under Section 10
- [C]. An unappealable decree
- [D]. A mediation session
(22). Which section of the IDA acts as an “executing court” for workmen to recover money due from an employer?
- [A]. Section 10
- [B]. Section 11
- [C]. Section 33C
- [D]. Section 25U
(23). [CLAT-PG 2019] Under Section 33C(1), if money is definitively due to a workman under a settlement or award, the government can issue a certificate for its recovery as:
- [A]. An arrears of land revenue
- [B]. A corporate tax
- [C]. A civil fine
- [D]. A police penalty
(24). Section 33C(2) is invoked when:
- [A]. The money is already quantified
- [B]. A workman is entitled to a benefit that is capable of being computed in terms of money, and the Labour Court computes it
- [C]. The employer goes bankrupt
- [D]. The trade union is dissolved
(25). [AIBE 2020] In MCD v. Ganesh Razak, the Supreme Court held that under Section 33C(2), the Labour Court CANNOT:
- [A]. Compute the value of an existing benefit
- [B]. Adjudicate a fresh dispute where the very basis of the right or entitlement is denied by the employer
- [C]. Execute an award
- [D]. Hear the workman
(26). Coercive, deceptive, or vindictive tactics used by employers or unions are defined under the IDA as:
- [A]. Criminal conspiracies
- [B]. Unfair Labour Practices (ULP)
- [C]. Industrial espionage
- [D]. Sovereign acts
(27). [CLAT-PG 2022] The exhaustive list of Unfair Labour Practices is contained in the:
- [A]. First Schedule
- [B]. Second Schedule
- [C]. Third Schedule
- [D]. Fifth Schedule
(28). Section 25T of the IDA strictly mandates that:
- [A]. No employer or workman or trade union shall commit any unfair labour practice.
- [B]. Strikes are illegal.
- [C]. Wages must be paid daily.
- [D]. Lay-offs are permanently banned.
(29). [AIBE 2018] What is the statutory penalty for committing an Unfair Labour Practice under Section 25U?
- [A]. Imprisonment up to 1 month
- [B]. Imprisonment up to 6 months or a fine up to ₹1000, or both
- [C]. Imprisonment up to 3 years
- [D]. Capital punishment
(30). Establishing employer-sponsored “yellow dog” unions to break genuine worker unity is an Unfair Labour Practice committed by:
- [A]. Workmen
- [B]. Trade Unions
- [C]. The Employer
- [D]. The Conciliation Officer
(31). [CLAT-PG 2021] “Gherao” (wrongful confinement of management) and damaging employer property are listed as Unfair Labour Practices committed by:
- [A]. The Employer
- [B]. Workmen and Trade Unions
- [C]. The Government
- [D]. The Police
(32). Which authority is appointed primarily to inquire into matters appearing to be connected with or relevant to an industrial dispute (Fact-finding body)?
- [A]. Conciliation Officer
- [B]. Court of Inquiry (Section 6)
- [C]. Labour Court
- [D]. National Tribunal
(33). [AIBE 2019] If the parties arrive at a settlement during conciliation proceedings, the Conciliation Officer sends a report along with the:
- [A]. Award
- [B]. Memorandum of Settlement signed by the parties
- [C]. Failure Report
- [D]. Arrest warrant
(34). An independent arbitrator appointed under Section 10A assumes the status of a statutory tribunal, and their award is subject to judicial review under:
- [A]. Article 32 of the Constitution
- [B]. Article 226/227 of the Constitution
- [C]. Section 11 of CPC
- [D]. Section 302 of IPC
(35). [CLAT-PG 2023] The prohibition on an employer from altering the conditions of service applicable to workmen during pendency of proceedings applies to:
- [A]. All workmen in the country
- [B]. Only the workmen concerned in the pending dispute
- [C]. Only the directors
- [D]. Only contract laborers
(36). For an establishment to fall under Chapter V-B, the threshold of 100 or more workmen is calculated based on:
- [A]. The exact day of the lay-off
- [B]. An average per working day for the preceding 12 months
- [C]. The date of incorporation
- [D]. The previous 5 years’ average
(37). [AIBE 2021] A workman seeking recovery of computed money under Section 33C must make an application to the appropriate government within:
- [A]. 1 month
- [B]. 6 months
- [C]. 1 year (can be delayed if sufficient cause is shown)
- [D]. 3 years
(38). The legal remedy of Section 33C(2) is available to:
- [A]. The employer only
- [B]. The Trade Union exclusively
- [C]. An individual workman directly
- [D]. The government
(39). [CLAT-PG 2020] If an employer transfers an active union leader to a remote location simply to break their unionizing efforts, it constitutes:
- [A]. A valid managerial prerogative
- [B]. An Unfair Labour Practice under the Fifth Schedule
- [C]. A promotion
- [D]. A statutory closure
(40). Can the Appropriate Government refuse to grant permission for closure under Chapter V-B?
- [A]. Yes, if it is satisfied that the reasons are inadequate or it is detrimental to the general public interest.
- [B]. No, an employer has an absolute right to close their business.
- [C]. Only if the trade union pays the employer.
- [D]. Yes, but only for 30 days.
(41). [AIBE 2017] An employer altering service conditions prejudicially without obtaining prior permission under Section 33(1) renders the action:
- [A]. Valid but fineable
- [B]. Void ab initio and completely inoperative
- [C]. Ratifiable by the Labour Court later
- [D]. Lawful after 14 days
(42). To qualify as “Protected Workmen,” the officers must belong to:
- [A]. Any political party
- [B]. A registered trade union connected with the establishment
- [C]. The HR department
- [D]. The police force
(43). [CLAT-PG 2019] If an employer wishes to dismiss a “Protected Workman” for a severe misconduct completely unconnected to the pending dispute, the employer must:
- [A]. Do it immediately without notice
- [B]. Still obtain express prior permission in writing from the authority [Sec 33(3)]
- [C]. Apply for subsequent approval only
- [D]. Pay double wages
(44). The Labour Court computing benefits under Section 33C(2) functions in a capacity analogous to an:
- [A]. Appellate Court
- [B]. Executing Court
- [C]. Supreme Court
- [D]. Family Court
(45). [AIBE 2022] The constitutional validity of the restrictions placed on employers in Chapter V-B was upheld because they serve the:
- [A]. Profit motive of the state
- [B]. Public interest and prevent sudden mass unemployment
- [C]. Foreign investors
- [D]. Tax collection agencies
(46). Which Section of the IDA provides protection/immunity to persons (like Conciliation Officers) for actions taken in good faith under the Act?
- [A]. Section 10
- [B]. Section 25F
- [C]. Section 37
- [D]. Section 33C
(47). [CLAT-PG 2021] Threatening to dismiss or actual dismissal of a workman simply because they gave evidence in an inquiry under the IDA is an example of:
- [A]. Valid disciplinary action
- [B]. Unfair Labour Practice by Employer
- [C]. Contempt of court
- [D]. Retrenchment
(48). Under Section 33, the phrase “pendency of any proceeding” covers proceedings pending before:
- [A]. Conciliation Officers, Boards, Labour Courts, or Tribunals
- [B]. The Supreme Court directly
- [C]. The local police
- [D]. The media
(49). [AIBE 2023] The ultimate jurisprudential purpose of the multi-tiered authorities and Section 33 is to ensure that:
- [A]. Disputes drag on for decades
- [B]. The socio-economic imbalance between capital and labor is neutralized during the vulnerable period of adjudication
- [C]. Employers go bankrupt
- [D]. Trade unions become monopolies
(50). The synergy between Section 10A (Arbitration), Section 33 (Status Quo), and Section 33C (Recovery) provides a comprehensive framework that:
- [A]. Completely ignores the workman
- [B]. Encourages voluntary dispute resolution while rigidly safeguarding workmen’s existing rights and financial dues
- [C]. Abolishes the Labour Courts
- [D]. Punishes all employers
